Rules of Passage Narration বিস্তারিত

Rules of Passage Narration – Passage Narration পরিবর্তনের সহজ কিছু নিয়ম

Rules of Passage Narration বিস্তারিত

Rules of Passage Narration

Passage Narration লেখার সময় কিছু নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম অনুসরন করা হয়:
Rule 01: সম্পূর্ণ Passage টি পড়ে বক্তা এবং শ্রোতাকে চিহ্নিত করতে হবে। তারপর তাদের উক্তিগুলোর ক্রিয়ার ধরন বুঝতে হবে।

Direct: “Will you come with me?”, said Priya to Riya. I will come. Said Riya.

Indirect: Priya asked Riya if she wiuld come with her. Riya replied that she would come.

1. Assertive Sentence: also said/ again said. added/ further added বসে।

2. Interrogative Sentence: also asked/ again asked/ further asked etc.

3. Imperative Sentence: and ordered to/ an requested to.

4. Optative Sentence: and wished/ and prayed that.

5. Exclamatory Sentence: and exclaime with happiness/joy that/ in grief that etc.

Rule 03: যদি Reported speech এ শুধু “yes” থাকলে তবে Subject+ replied on the affirmative বা Subject+ Auxiliary verb ব্যবহার করা হয় এবং replied speech এ “yes” এর পর আরও অংশ যুক্ত হলে sub+ replied in the affirmative and said that হবে।

Direct: I said to him. “Have you done the math?” “Yes, I have also done another one.” He said.

Indirect: I asked him if he had done the math. He replied in the affirmative. And he said that he had also done another one.

Note: একই ভাবে “No” থাকলে Replied in the negative হয়। যদি আরও অংশ যুক্ত থাকে তবে that যোগ হয়।

Rule 04: Direct speech এ “sir” যোগ থাকলে respect/ respectfully/ politely ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Direct: The student said to the teacher. “sir, will you teach me the English?”

Indirect: The student asked the teacher respectfully if he would teach him(s) the English.

Structure- Subject+ thanked+ reported verb’s+ object.

Direct: Karim said to me =. “Thank you.”

Indirect: Karim thanked me.

Structure: Reported verb’s Subject+ bade+ reported verb’s object+ good bye.

Direct: She said Nusrat. “Good bye.”

Indirect: She bade Nusrat good bye.

Rule 07: যদি Reported speech এ good night/ good morning/ good evening থাকে তখন:

Structure: Reported verb’s Subject+ wished+ reported verb’s object+ good night/ good morning/ good evening.

Direct: He said to her. “Good evening.”

Indirect: He wished her good morning.

Rule 08: অনেক সময় Reported speech এ বক্তা ও শ্রোতার উল্লেখ থাকে না। সেক্ষেত্রে indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার সময় বক্তার ক্ষেত্রে “speaker” ও শ্রোতার ক্ষেত্রে “Listener” হয়।

Direct: “What are you doing now?” I am writing an article.

Indirect: The speaker asked the listener what he was doing them. The listener replied that she/he was writing an article.

Rule 09: কিছু ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech এ সম্পূর্ণ sentence থাকে না, সেসব ক্ষেত্রে indirect speech এ বক্তা অনুসরন করে পূর্ণাঙ্গ অর্থ খুঁজে নিতে হবে।

Direct: “Thirty taka “The salesman said to me.

Indirect: The salesman told me it had been thirty taka.

Rule 10: যদি Reported speech এ asked/ cried/ replied/ muttered থাকে তবে indirect speech এ reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন হবেনা।

Direct: “Help me.” He cried.

Indirect: He cried to help him.